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Born in Milford, Massachusetts, Johnson graduated from Milford High School in 1883, Harvard University with a B.A. in 1887, and Harvard University’s Lawrence Scientific School with a degree in Civil Engineering in 1888. He studied in Europe from 1888 to 1890, the Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich from 1888 to 1889, and the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees in Paris from 1889 to 1890. Johnson taught civil engineering at Harvard University in varying capacities between 1890 and 1934. From 1892 to 1894, he practiced in Chicago in association with the Illinois Steel Company. During his time at Harvard University, Johnson sketched a design for Harvard Stadium, proposed the use of large steel-reinforced concrete slabs